Highlights
- •Fixed human brains display frequency-specific current response.
- •Right hippocampus displayed increased gamma power to any frequency.
- •Right parahippocampal region responded exclusively to 7-Hz spikes.
- •Right parahippocampal region shows 7-Hz and 40-Hz response indicators.
Abstract
If structure dictates function within the living human brain, then the persistence
of specific responses to weak electric currents in fixed, deceased brains could reflect
“hardwired” properties. Different key structures from the left and right hemispheres
of brains that had been fixed for over 20 years with ethanol–formalin–acetic acid were stimulated with either 1-Hz, 7-Hz, 10-Hz,
20-Hz, or 30-Hz, sine-wave, square-wave, or pulsed currents while needle-recorded
quantitative electroencephalographic responses were obtained. Differential responses
occurred only within the right hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus. The right hippocampus
displayed frequency-independent increases in gamma power relative to the left hemispheric
homologue. The parahippocampal region responded exclusively to 7-Hz pulsed currents
with wideband (8–30 Hz) power. These profiles are consistent with dynamic connections associated with
memory and consciousness and may partially explain the interactions resultant of pulse
type and hemisphere for experiential elicitations during the golden age of surgical
stimulations. The results also indicate that there may be an essential “hardwiring”
within the human brain that is maintained for decades when it is fixed appropriately.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: May 18, 2016
Accepted:
April 12,
2016
Received in revised form:
April 11,
2016
Received:
February 4,
2016
Identification
Copyright
© 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
